Sexual Violence

No statistics on sexual violence provide a complete picture of the problem or its prevalence. Shame, fear, stigmatisation and many other obstacles prevent an unknown number of victims from receiving, or even seeking, treatment. And yet getting immediate medical care after sexual assault is critical in order to limit the potential consequences. 

In 2023, our teams treated over 62,200 victims of sexual violence; 22,300 more than the year before.

Sexual violence occurs in all societies and in all contexts at any time. Destabilisation often results in increased levels of violence, including sexual violence. Sexual violence is particularly complex and stigmatising, has long-lasting consequences, and can result in important physical and psychological health risks.

MSF medical care for victims of sexual violence covers preventive treatment against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea, and vaccinations for tetanus and hepatitis B. Treatment of physical injuries, psychological support and the prevention and management of unwanted pregnancy are also part of systematic care. MSF provides a medical certificate to all victims of violence.

Medical care is central to MSF’s response to sexual violence, but stigma and fear may prevent many victims from coming forward. A proactive approach is necessary to raise awareness about the medical consequences of sexual violence and the availability of care. Where MSF sees large numbers of victims – especially in areas of conflict – advocacy aims to raise awareness among local authorities, as well as the armed forces when they are involved in the assaults.

Medical care after sexual violence

Patients treated by MSF or who go to other health facilities are victims who are determined to seek help against all odds, overcoming shame, fear, stigma and many other obstacles to receive medical care.

The availability of emergency care is crucial after a sexual assault in order to avoid serious medical complications. Treatment to prevent HIV/AIDS infection must be started within 72 hours, emergency contraception can be used within five days. Hepatitis B and tetanus infections can be prevented with a vaccine, which can be given after the rape.

MSF provides victims of sexual violence with preventive treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea), as well as vaccination against tetanus and hepatitis B. The care also systematically includes treatment of physical injuries, psychological support, and prevention and management of unwanted pregnancies. In addition, MSF provides a medical certificate.

Psychosocial support after sexual violence

However, in many countries, access to appropriate health services is very limited or non-existent. In addition, it is very difficult to find moral or legal support. As a result, many victims are left completely helpless.

The psychological trauma of sexual violence can be just as devastating and last longer. Women, men and children who have been raped can suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological support can help patients regain their ability to move on with their lives after surviving rape.

Medical care is central to MSF’s response to sexual violence. However, stigma and fear deter many victims from seeking care. A proactive approach is needed to inform people about the medical consequences of sexual violence and the care available. Where MSF records large numbers of victims, particularly in conflict zones, advocacy aims to raise awareness among local authorities, as well as armed forces when they are involved in such violence.

Awareness-raising activities are crucial to ensure that victims of sexual violence are aware of the services available, the importance of medical care and the confidentiality put in place by MSF.