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While Mexican state authorities on the northern border with the United States prepare for possible mass deportations by building large facilities to house potential deportees and enabling transportation to take them to other parts of Mexico, uncertainty invades hundreds of thousands of migrants throughout the country.
After suffering violence and other difficulties on a long and complex migration route, a Colombian, a Congolese, a Honduran and a Guinean, all stranded in southern Mexico, share impressions about their experience and the tightening of US immigration policy, including the closure of the CBP One application, which allowed people to request appointments to begin asylum procedures in the US.
The person in charge of a migrant shelter in Tapachula, on the border with Guatemala, explains that there have been some returns to Central American countries. However, for many others there is no option to go back and requesting asylum in Mexico is now seen as an alternative.
At the same time, other groups of migrants are trying to advance through Mexican territory by train or walking together in caravans, especially in the state of Chiapas, to demand attention and seek protection from the violence perpetrated by various armed actors, despite the fact that returns of migrants from the northern and central parts of the country to the south by the Mexican authorities are constant.
Kevin*: “The main reason for leaving was the violence”
I am 22 years old and I am from Huila [in the southwest of Colombia]. I was in my fourth semester of Industrial Engineering at the university. I did not intend to leave Colombia because you have everything there, your family… I had a normal life, I played football. I am a fan of Millonarios but I like European football more: Barça, Liverpool, Spain…
The main reason for leaving Colombia was the violence. My parents have a coffee farm. Suddenly an armed group started to intimidate us. They wanted to recruit those of us who do military service because we already know the training. That is why I decided to flee. I do not want to belong to an armed group that does not fight for the good of the country, which is pure drug trafficking.
I contacted my brother, who has been in Utah (USA) for a year. I have been in Mexico for five months now. I arrived by plane to Mexico City and I was working in a hardware store in the state of Mexico. But when I wanted to leave the state, Immigration caught us. They made us take off our belts and shoes. Luckily, I didn't lose anything. The next day, 40 people — including Venezuelans, Cubans, Hondurans, Salvadorans and Colombians — were sent by bus to Villahermosa (in the state of Tabasco, southern Mexico). From there I came to Coatzacoalcos (state of Veracruz) and now we are waiting for the train. We were all trying to get to the border before Trump took power.
If you don't have money, it's very difficult to move around Mexico. Nobody gives you anything for free and you can't trust anyone, not even in a taxi. I received threats on my cell phone.
—Give us 50,000 varos (50,000 Mexican pesos) for your peace of mind
—Would you rather die than pay money?
I blocked the contact. I knew Mexico was dangerous, but I didn't think the CBP One application would end. I am also suffering a lot of discrimination despite fleeing from my country. CBP One had a big deficit. It didn't work in chronological order, but randomly. The selection process was very slow. Since I arrived in Mexico I tried, but they never gave me an appointment, although I had hope.
Now the only thing left for me is to go to the border, enter the US and turn myself in. If they gave me the opportunity, I would study and learn English. My parents ask me how I am. They tell me that if I can't take it anymore I should go back... but my only option would be to go to Bogotá and there I have nothing and no one. Going back to Colombia scares me.
Salma* : “I’m just looking for a better life”
I am 26 years old and I am travelling with my four-year-old daughter. We are from Congo Brazzaville. It is not easy for us to get visas for anywhere, but we try. Some people pay up to $3,000 through intermediaries. I got a visa for Brazil and we took a plane. I spent six months there working, but the salaries are not good: I barely earned $200 a month. I consulted TikTok to find out about the route and prepare myself morally. People say it is not easy. At first I wanted to go to the United States, but they took almost everything from us in [the Darién jungle of] Panama.
From Colombia they took us by boat and we arrived at a forest. We walked for a day and a half until we reached the mountain that separates Colombia from Panama, a very large one, with very steep slopes. If you fall, you die… My little girl cried a lot. We were with Nepalese, Indians, Colombians, there were Congolese from both countries, Malians, Senegalese, Ghanaians, Mauritanians… We spent two more days crossing the Darién. Because of the rains there were landslides and some people were injured. We found two bodies. We spent the night in the rain.
At the exit of the Panama jungle, we got into a canoe for 30 dollars. We came across four young men armed with machetes and other weapons who threatened us. They took us to a banana field, blindfolded the men and assaulted them. They didn't do anything to the women, but they stole our money and our phones. Mine was broken and no longer works. Since then I have not been able to contact my family. Some people also had their passports torn up. Afterwards they left us in peace and we slept on the riverbank.
The next day we continued on our way until we reached a migratory camp after crossing a river with crocodiles. The authorities gave us food and took photos of us. There were different organizations and we received aid kits. Then we took a bus to Nicaragua (via Costa Rica) and then we went to Honduras and Guatemala with different transportation. The journey [through these Central American countries] lasted three days. The criminal gangs ask you for money, about 700 dollars until you reach Tapachula (southern Mexico). In Tapachula they ask you for money again. At each stop you have to give something.
I had come to Tapachula with my sister, but we have separated because she did not have permission to go forward. I was given permission because I am traveling with family. Now I want to take a train here, in Coatzacoalcos, to Mexico City, although the permit they gave me in Tapachula only allows me to move through [the state of] Veracruz. Despite this, I want to try and see what happens, maybe they can give me a temporary work permit. There is another train that goes to the border with the USA.
I am just looking for a better life."
Natasha* : “I just want my kids to go to school”
I am Honduran, 30 years old. I am in a shelter in Tapachula (southern Mexico) with my sister-in-law and my three children, two girls aged 12 and six and a boy aged four. My husband had to leave Honduras early because they wanted to recruit him into the gangs and for a year I have not heard from him, whether he is alive or well.
I left Honduras in October, on the first bus, it was not yet dawn. I was afraid, but we could no longer stay there. We had a small business, it was enough to live on and support our children. They asked us to pay in order to continue and at first I did, but they increased the fee… It was not even enough to eat. I told them that I could not pay them everything, the rest of the money was missing.
—You can pay in different ways —they told me.
—I can't do it in front of my children —I told them.
—Find some time and we'll come back.
When they arrived, I ordered the children to lock themselves in the room and not come out until I told them. They did whatever they wanted with me, I only prayed to God that my girls would not hear. One day they told me that my 12-year-old daughter was very pretty. I kept quiet and started selling some things. We had to leave. I didn't want that to happen to my daughter.
We arrived by bus to Guatemala. When we crossed the Suchiate River to enter Mexico, a Mexican man protected us.
—Who are they? —they asked him when we stepped onto Mexican territory.
—They are my wife, my children and my sister-in-law —he replied.
—Since they are your family, come in.
We were able to continue, “You are safe now, they could have abused your daughter,” the Mexican who helped us told me.
We only had 1,000 pesos (around 50 dollars). We took the first taxi we saw and asked to be taken to a shelter. As women, we are exposed to more dangers. I have been here for three months, full of fear. I have not even thought about joining a caravan [of migrants] or taking a bus. There are many stories, for example about people who have an appointment [for CBP One] and a permit (the Multiple Immigration Form, which allows you to move around Mexico), and are asked to get off the bus and have their documents torn up.
I did the paperwork to stay in Mexico and to request an appointment for CBP One. I didn't know how to do it and someone helped me, but this person entered my information wrongly and I never got an appointment. I live with the anguish of not knowing what is coming, with the fear that they will find me. I just want a place to settle down, for the children to go to school and for me to be able to work.
Should I think about going back to Honduras? If those people weren't there anymore, I could... but I don't know that.
Mamadou: “I didn’t think the route would be so complex”
I am 33 years old and I am travelling with my wife, Ramata, and my daughter, Aishatu, who is one year and eight months old. We are from Guinea. I lived in Equatorial Guinea and for seven years in the Spanish city of Málaga. I returned to my country and became involved in a political party and in business, but there was a coup d'état and the situation became increasingly complicated, with threats to my life.
That is why we decided to leave. I thought about going to France, but it was impossible to do the paperwork in a short time. Flying to Brazil was much easier, and we left from one day to the next, with the initial idea of reaching the United States.
I did not think that the migration route would be so complex: from Brazil we went to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia... and finally we found ourselves taking a boat to go to Darién. Depending on what you could pay, they offered you trips of different lengths. I have seen dead people crossing the jungle. If I had known it would be like this, I would never have gotten into this.
After crossing Panama, we received help in Honduras, such as diapers for the baby and permission to cross the country in seven days. In Guatemala, everyone we met had a gun and they asked for $250 to cross the country and even more when you finished crossing. After crossing the Suchiate River into Mexico, they made us change all our dollars and charged us for a phone card.
I have been in Tapachula for two months now. When I was in Peru and saw the news of Trump's victory, I got discouraged and gave up the idea of going to the US. We have applied for Mexican residency. I feel a bit weak and that is why I came to the clinic. There are a lot of mosquitoes in the house where we are living and I have caught malaria.
Herbert: “There are entire families who have waited up to a year for the appointment”
I am the manager of the Buen Pastor shelter in Tapachula. This shelter for migrants has a capacity for 1,200 people, but we have had up to 1,700. The months of October, November and December were very busy. Now there are only about 900 people, including 200 children. There are people from Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Brazil… we have also had Africans and Chinese. After the cancellation of CBP One, some are returning. Two days ago, about 50 or 60 people left. Many are now also asking for refuge in Mexico.
More than 50 people had already received an appointment with CBP One at this shelter. These are people who have suffered a lot, who have been threatened along the way. Some of them had been returned by Immigration [in Mexico] from other parts of the country. There are entire families here who had waited up to a year for an appointment. A family of three people from Guatemala, for example.
*Pseudonyms